Monitoring and evaluation of transformers are essential to prevent their insulation failure. In this paper, the use of 2-furan-carboxaldehyde (2-FAL) and methanol (MeOH) concentrations as the main products of paper insulation degradation, and insulation condition markers, has been studied. In order to study the degradation process and production of degradation products, the thermal aging process of the transformer insulation system was implemented in laboratory conditions. The results of laboratory studies show that in the early stages of degradation the amount of MeOH is significant compared to 2-FAL. Also, the estimation of the degree of polymerization (DP) in the early stages of degradation (DP>800) through MeOH concentration and with decreasing DP (DP <800) through 2-FAL concentration is closer to the real value. The results of studies performed on 35 distribution transformers confirm the production of significant amounts of MeOH in the early stages of degradation. Also, the estimated DP values for the studied transformers were obtained through 2-FAL and MeOH concentration. The results show that estimating the amount of DP through MeOH concentration is associated with a probability of error of about 9% compared to estimating DP through 2-FAL concentration.

Background and Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive and degenerative myelin sheath of the central nervous system. Manifestation and side effect of this disease drastically impress patient’s body image and destruct self concept. The objective of the implementation of this study was to evaluate the effect of Orem self- care program on multiple sclerosis patients’ self concept.Materials and Methods: This quesi-experimental study was done on 34 MS patients referred to Ayatollah Kashani hospital in Shahrekord – Iran, during 2008. The patients were selected by convenience sampling. 8 sessions educational program based on patients needs and Orem self care frame work during 3 months were carried out and with self reporting sheets program was pursued. After 3 months self concept questionnaire completed and data were analyzed by using SPSS-11.5 software and paired T, will kakson and kruskal wallis tests.Results: Mean of self concept, prior and post intervention was 60.67±4.20, 118.26±3.53, respectively (P<0.05). No significant correlation was found between age, gender, educational level, marriage status, number of children, occupation, level of income, duration of outbreak, times of hospitalized with self esteem.Conclusion: This study showed that self care program based on the Orem frame work has positive effects on self esteem in multiple sclerosis patients. Therefore this program is recommended in MS patients.

Introduction: As the traffic is one of the most common social troubles in big cities, widen the roads; culture and using the intelligent methods are using to control the traffic. Therefore, the traffic control systems are innovated. These system operators have to do many cognitive jobs to manage these systems. CWA as a framework to improve the design of these systems has introduced in this paper to analyze them.Material and Methods: CTA recognizes the restrictions of system throughout the 5 phases that begin with work domain analysis and ends in necessary personal qualification. Task analysis, strategy analysis and investigating the cooperation and organizations are between paces, respect.Results: the results of this investigation consist of outline of the technique CWA, work domain analysis, decision ladders, details of relevant indicators, strategies, Information Flow Map (IFM), to frame the social organization and cooperation, and worker qualification analysis.Conclusion: The results of this study may used in selection and training the mentioned systems operators. The main reason is to use the experienced staff with high cognitive abilities in working with these systems. Otherwise, it can result in waste the organization money and energy. The operator decision making is more dependent on the information process, the operator also needs to have higher cognitive abilities. Strong visual search, timing and problem solving are perquisites of this job opportunity.